The International Monetary Fund (IMF) recently published a paper exploring potential choices between central bank digital currency (CBDC), faster payment systems (FPS) and e-money. Given the IMF’s focus on emerging markets, it highlights the threat to monetary sovereignty of dollar stablecoins and foreign CBDCs.
As always, local circumstances and priorities will influence choices. However, in many economies the three types of payment systems are expected to coexist in the future. The combination of different systems removes any single point of failure, helping to ensure resiliency.
All three types provide efficient instant payments. And they can all enhance financial inclusion, although technology can be a barrier for some users.
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